I’ve taught American government at the college level for 20 years. Over time, I’ve made a few observations about my students.
One of them is that of the several hundred students who have passed through my classrooms, I don’t believe I have changed many minds. It’s not a matter of demographics. They have covered a wide age span, ranging from high schoolers to retirees. Nor is it a matter of retention, at least in the short term. Most of them listen attentively enough to do well on tests and papers. But in casual conversations, I’m struck by how many held onto their preconceptions of how government and politics work.
If I had to identify the reasons why this is the case, most if not all can be attributed to how and where we learn our personal values. Our early childhoods are dominated by our families, schooling, and communities of faith. Not knowing any differently, we default to what we learned early in life rather than entertaining any alternatives.
Our values, in turn, influence our attitudes toward events and issues. This is particularly true of controversial hot button topics that polarize the electorate. The goal of partisan politics is “mobilization of bias” –– attracting voters holding strong views on a given issue to your side.
The resulting polarized political climate works against promoting a well-informed electorate. The facts are out there and easily obtainable. Unfortunately, facts alone don’t change minds in a time where “facts” and “truth” have become highly subjective for many of us. (This is not a new thing, really. Kurt Andersen’s 2017 book Fantasyland makes the case that Americans throughout history have tended to live in realities of their own creation.)
One stumbling block is time. The information cost needed to be an engaged and well-informed citizen is simply too great for a lot of people. Many families are supported by two incomes. Families with small children compounded by the necessity of paying bills can overwhelm the mental bandwidth required to educate oneself on candidates, issues, and policies. The complexity of ballots, particularly in primaries under our top-two primary system, can be daunting for even the well-informed and confusing for everyone else.
Complicating matters is the ballot initiative. A legacy of the Progressive movement of the early 20th century, Californians take it for granted that they can enact statutes or amend the state constitution at the ballot box. Some initiatives are easy to understand, both in their intent and their expected outcome. Many are not.
Oftentimes we are confronted with initiatives whose purpose is obscure or at least opaque in their intent. I’ve spoken with people who voted for every office and every ballot initiative on their ballot because they thought they had to. This is untrue. It’s perfectly okay to undervote your ballot. I’ve done it more than a few times when I didn’t fully understand a measure.
There are bright spots here and there. Voter turnout in California, particularly in midterm elections, is improving. In 2014 it was a paltry 30.7%, rising to 49.3% in 2018. The 2022 midterms saw some back-sliding, with a turnout of 42.9%. Presidential election years generally bring greater voting rates, with 68.8% in 2020 and 62.1% in 2024. This should be a welcome development, particularly in the midterms where there is much more at stake than popular perception would have it.
But do these voters make good decisions? Our political culture has long been dominated by candidates’ personalities and often blind identification with one of the two major parties. Voters make decisions based on image and “vibes” rather than on a clear understanding of the issues at stake in an election.
There are a number of theories in my field as to why people make decisions at the polls. The prevailing school of thought is rational choice. This explanation holds that people don’t cast votes as a dichotomous, either/or decision (even though if you asked most people, they would probably describe it this way). Rather, rational choice uses a consumer-based approach. When we buy a consumer item, we rank-order our options to optimize value. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a can of beans, an electronic device, a car, or a house. Each of us is a rational actor in the marketplace.
This theory assumes that each of us has perfect information, when in most cases we probably don’t. A more plausible explanation, in my opinion, is a prospective and retrospective hypothesis. When times are bad, we want to go with whichever candidate or party offers a way out. When times are good, we want to stick with the candidate or party that is in office. Image and vibes may account for more than my colleagues and I may think.
So, how do we improve voter knowledge? I wish I had an innovative, outside-the-box solution. California voters do not lack for information. There is the secretary of state’s guide with its tiny font on newsprint. There are the sample ballots and candidate guides published by the counties. There are lots of third-party resources such as the League of Women Voters. A personal favorite is Ballotpedia. This website covers all the major federal and state political contests, along with notable local elections. Importantly, it discloses major donors and contributions to both candidates and ballot initiatives. (Ballotpedia began as a volunteer-edited wiki but has been professionally edited for several years.)
If I had to make a recommendation, I would suggest first choosing an issue area of interest to you. Then, find a source you believe reputable to research that issue and where candidates at all levels stand on it.
Inform yourself and choose wisely.
~ Scott Parker is an instructor of political science at Sierra College. Raised in Placer County, Scott earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from California State University, Sacramento, with graduate study at the University of Nevada, Reno. He lives in Truckee.
KNOW BEFORE YOU VOTE
November’s General Election is just around the corner. Do you know your local candidates?
Moonshine Ink put together a detailed Election 2026: Tahoe/Truckee Tracker, showing the local agencies with seats up for election this year, who will be included on ballots, as well as the benefits and compensation each seat receives.
Review the tracker here.
Attend one or all the events below to hear from various candidates before the big day, Nov. 3, 2026.
P.S. Our October edition of Moonshine will cover critical races in our region. Stay tuned.
~ AH
North Shore Election Forum (Virtual) | Oct. 6
First Tuesday Breakfast Club is a community forum about news, projects, businesses, and influencers hosted by the North Tahoe Community Alliance (NTCA). The October Breakfast Club will feature local candidates running for election, from 7 to 8:30 a.m. Join on Zoom by visiting firsttuesdaybreakfastclub.com.
Truckee Candidate Forum Oct. 6 and 8
Both forums will be held in the Town Council Chambers at Truckee Town Hall, 10183 Truckee Airport Road and will be broadcast and recorded as well. The events are free and open to the public. Moonshine Ink serves as a partner to the events, and staff will be part of the team asking questions of candidates.
Night One: Tuesday, Oct. 6 | 5 to 8 p.m.
5 to 5:15 p.m.: Measure P
5:15 to 6 p.m.: Tahoe Truckee Unified School District
6 to 7 p.m.: Truckee Donner Public Utility District
7 to 8 p.m.: Truckee Fire Protection District
8 to 9 p.m.: Sierra College Board of Trustees, Trustee Area 2
Night Two: Thursday, Oct. 8 | 5 to 9 p.m.
5 to 6 p.m.: Truckee Town Council*
6 to 7 p.m.: Tahoe Forest Hospital District
7 to 8 p.m.: Truckee Donner Recreation and Park District
* The town council race is uncontested, however, organizers wanted to give community members a chance to hear directly from the candidates who will represent them.
Readers are invited to submit questions to Jessica Penman at jessica@truckee.com by Friday, Sept. 25. Due to time constraints, not all submitted questions may be asked.
Incline Village/Crystal Bay
As of press deadline, no candidate forums have been proposed for the Incline Village General Improvement District board.
